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Disease Profile

C syndrome

Prevalence
Prevalence estimates on Rare Medical Network websites are calculated based on data available from numerous sources, including US and European government statistics, the NIH, Orphanet, and published epidemiologic studies. Rare disease population data is recognized to be highly variable, and based on a wide variety of source data and methodologies, so the prevalence data on this site should be assumed to be estimated and cannot be considered to be absolutely correct.

1-9 / 1 000 000

US Estimated

Europe Estimated

Age of onset

Neonatal

ICD-10

Q87.8

Inheritance

Autosomal dominant A pathogenic variant in only one gene copy in each cell is sufficient to cause an autosomal dominant disease.

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Autosomal recessive Pathogenic variants in both copies of each gene of the chromosome are needed to cause an autosomal recessive disease and observe the mutant phenotype.

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X-linked
dominant X-linked dominant inheritance, sometimes referred to as X-linked dominance, is a mode of genetic inheritance by which a dominant gene is carried on the X chromosome.

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X-linked
recessive Pathogenic variants in both copies of a gene on the X chromosome cause an X-linked recessive disorder.

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Mitochondrial or multigenic Mitochondrial genetic disorders can be caused by changes (mutations) in either the mitochondrial DNA or nuclear DNA that lead to dysfunction of the mitochondria and inadequate production of energy.

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Multigenic or multifactor Inheritance involving many factors, of which at least one is genetic but none is of overwhelming importance, as in the causation of a disease by multiple genetic and environmental factors.

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Not applicable

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Other names (AKA)

Opitz trigonocephaly syndrome; Trigonocephaly C syndrome; Trigonocephaly syndrome

Categories

Congenital and Genetic Diseases; Musculoskeletal Diseases; Nervous System Diseases

Summary

C syndrome, also known as Opitz trigonocephaly syndrome, is characterized by trigonocephaly, severe intellectual disability, hypotonia, variable cardiac defects, redundant (extra folds of) skin, joint and limb abnormalities, and unusual facial features such as upslanted palpebral fissures (upward pointing outside corners of the eyes), epicanthal folds, depressed nasal bridge, and low-set, posteriorly rotated ears. This condition is genetically heterogeneous, meaning that there is evidence of more than one type of inheritance. While many cases are sporadic, autosomal recessive, autosomal dominant, and germline mosaicism have all been suggested. At least some cases of C syndrome have been caused by dysfunction of the CD96 gene.[1][2]

Symptoms

This table lists symptoms that people with this disease may have. For most diseases, symptoms will vary from person to person. People with the same disease may not have all the symptoms listed. This information comes from a database called the Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) . The HPO collects information on symptoms that have been described in medical resources. The HPO is updated regularly. Use the HPO ID to access more in-depth information about a symptom.

Medical Terms Other Names
Learn More:
HPO ID
80%-99% of people have these symptoms
Anteverted nares
Nasal tip, upturned
Upturned nasal tip
Upturned nose
Upturned nostrils

[ more ]

0000463
Biparietal narrowing
0004422
Clinodactyly of the 5th finger
Permanent curving of the pinkie finger
0004209
Cryptorchidism
Undescended testes
Undescended testis

[ more ]

0000028
Depressed nasal bridge
Depressed bridge of nose
Flat bridge of nose
Flat nasal bridge
Flat, nasal bridge
Flattened nasal bridge
Low nasal bridge
Low nasal root

[ more ]

0005280
Epicanthus
Eye folds
Prominent eye folds

[ more ]

0000286
Female pseudohermaphroditism
0010458
Gingival overgrowth
Gum enlargement
0000212
High palate
Elevated palate
Increased palatal height

[ more ]

0000218
Hypoplasia of the ear cartilage
Underdeveloped ear cartilage
0100720
Intellectual disability
Mental deficiency
Mental retardation
Mental retardation, nonspecific
Mental-retardation

[ more ]

0001249
Long philtrum
0000343
Low-set, posteriorly rotated ears
0000368
Microcephaly
Abnormally small skull
Decreased circumference of cranium
Decreased size of skull
Reduced head circumference
Small head circumference

[ more ]

0000252
Micrognathia
Little lower jaw
Small jaw
Small lower jaw

[ more ]

0000347
Short neck
Decreased length of neck
0000470
Short nose
Decreased length of nose
Shortened nose

[ more ]

0003196
Smooth philtrum
0000319
Trigonocephaly
Triangular skull shape
Wedge shaped skull

[ more ]

0000243
Upslanted palpebral fissure
Upward slanting of the opening between the eyelids
0000582
30%-79% of people have these symptoms
Abnormality of cardiovascular system morphology
0030680
Abnormality of immune system physiology
0010978
Abnormality of the anus
0004378
Accessory oral frenulum
0000191
Bilateral single transverse palmar creases
0007598
Dislocated radial head
0003083
Failure to thrive in infancy
Faltering weight in infancy
Weight faltering in infancy

[ more ]

0001531
Limitation of joint mobility
Decreased joint mobility
Decreased mobility of joints
Limited joint mobility
Limited joint motion

[ more ]

0001376
Micromelia
Smaller or shorter than typical limbs
0002983
Midline facial capillary hemangioma
0007601
Muscular hypotonia
Low or weak muscle tone
0001252
Pectus excavatum
Funnel chest
0000767
Redundant skin
Loose redundant skin
Redundant skin folds
Sagging, redundant skin

[ more ]

0001582
Sacral dimple
Spinal dimple
0000960
Seizure
0001250
Short stature
Decreased body height
Small stature

[ more ]

0004322
Strabismus
Cross-eyed
Squint
Squint eyes

[ more ]

0000486
Talipes
0001883
Thin vermilion border
Decreased volume of lip
Thin lips

[ more ]

0000233
5%-29% of people have these symptoms
Abnormal hair pattern
Abnormal distribution of hair
0010720
Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the abdominal wall musculature
Absent/small abdominal wall muscles
Absent/underdeveloped abdominal wall muscles

[ more ]

0010318
Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the corpus callosum
0007370
Cleft palate
Cleft roof of mouth
0000175
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia
0000776
Constipation
0002019
Death in infancy
Infantile death
Lethal in infancy

[ more ]

0001522
Hand polydactyly
Extra finger
0001161
Horseshoe kidney
Horseshoe kidneys
0000085
Multicystic kidney dysplasia
0000003
Omphalocele
0001539
Polyhydramnios
High levels of amniotic fluid
0001561
Renal hypoplasia/aplasia
Absent/small kidney
Absent/underdeveloped kidney

[ more ]

0008678
Toe syndactyly
Fused toes
Webbed toes

[ more ]

0001770
Percent of people who have these symptoms is not available through HPO
Autosomal dominant inheritance
0000006
Clinodactyly
Permanent curving of the finger
0030084
Clitoral hypertrophy
Enlarged clitoris
0008665

Learn more

These resources provide more information about this condition or associated symptoms. The in-depth resources contain medical and scientific language that may be hard to understand. You may want to review these resources with a medical professional.

Where to Start

  • The National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD) has a report for patients and families about this condition. NORD is a patient advocacy organization for individuals with rare diseases and the organizations that serve them.

In-Depth Information

  • The Monarch Initiative brings together data about this condition from humans and other species to help physicians and biomedical researchers. Monarch’s tools are designed to make it easier to compare the signs and symptoms (phenotypes) of different diseases and discover common features. This initiative is a collaboration between several academic institutions across the world and is funded by the National Institutes of Health. Visit the website to explore the biology of this condition.
  • Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) is a catalog of human genes and genetic disorders. Each entry has a summary of related medical articles. It is meant for health care professionals and researchers. OMIM is maintained by Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. 
  • Orphanet is a European reference portal for information on rare diseases and orphan drugs. Access to this database is free of charge.
  • PubMed is a searchable database of medical literature and lists journal articles that discuss C syndrome. Click on the link to view a sample search on this topic.

References

  1. C Syndrome. Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM). October 25, 2011; https://omim.org/entry/211750. Accessed 6/19/2014.
  2. Kaname T et al.. Amer J Hum Genet. October 2007; 81(4):835-41. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2227933/. Accessed 6/19/2014.

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