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Disease Profile

Lissencephaly 2

Prevalence
Prevalence estimates on Rare Medical Network websites are calculated based on data available from numerous sources, including US and European government statistics, the NIH, Orphanet, and published epidemiologic studies. Rare disease population data is recognized to be highly variable, and based on a wide variety of source data and methodologies, so the prevalence data on this site should be assumed to be estimated and cannot be considered to be absolutely correct.

Unknown

US Estimated

Europe Estimated

Age of onset

Infancy

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ICD-10

Q04.3

Inheritance

Autosomal dominant A pathogenic variant in only one gene copy in each cell is sufficient to cause an autosomal dominant disease.

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Autosomal recessive Pathogenic variants in both copies of each gene of the chromosome are needed to cause an autosomal recessive disease and observe the mutant phenotype.

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X-linked
dominant X-linked dominant inheritance, sometimes referred to as X-linked dominance, is a mode of genetic inheritance by which a dominant gene is carried on the X chromosome.

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X-linked
recessive Pathogenic variants in both copies of a gene on the X chromosome cause an X-linked recessive disorder.

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Mitochondrial or multigenic Mitochondrial genetic disorders can be caused by changes (mutations) in either the mitochondrial DNA or nuclear DNA that lead to dysfunction of the mitochondria and inadequate production of energy.

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Multigenic or multifactor Inheritance involving many factors, of which at least one is genetic but none is of overwhelming importance, as in the causation of a disease by multiple genetic and environmental factors.

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Not applicable

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Other names (AKA)

LIS2; Norman Roberts lissencephaly syndrome; Lissencephaly syndrome Norman-Roberts type

Categories

Blood Diseases; Congenital and Genetic Diseases; Nervous System Diseases;

Summary

Lissencephaly 2 is an inherited condition characterized by classical lissencephaly in association with certain abnormalities of the skull and facial (craniofacial) region, such as a low, sloping forehead; abnormal prominence of the back portion of the head (occiput); a broad, prominent nasal bridge; and widely set eyes (ocular hypertelorism). Additional symptoms and findings typically include severe or profound intellectual disability, seizures, abnormally increased muscle tone (hypertonia), exaggerated reflexes (hyperreflexia), and severe growth failure. This condition is inherited in an autosomal recessive fashion.[1] Mutations in the RELN gene have been identified in some affected individuals.[2]

Symptoms

This table lists symptoms that people with this disease may have. For most diseases, symptoms will vary from person to person. People with the same disease may not have all the symptoms listed. This information comes from a database called the Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) . The HPO collects information on symptoms that have been described in medical resources. The HPO is updated regularly. Use the HPO ID to access more in-depth information about a symptom.

Medical Terms Other Names
Learn More:
HPO ID
80%-99% of people have these symptoms
4-layered lissencephaly
0006818
Abnormal facial shape
Unusual facial appearance
0001999
Congenital microcephaly
0011451
Hypertelorism
Wide-set eyes
Widely spaced eyes

[ more ]

0000316
Intellectual disability
Mental deficiency
Mental retardation
Mental retardation, nonspecific
Mental-retardation

[ more ]

0001249
Microlissencephaly
0045028
30%-79% of people have these symptoms
Abnormal muscle tone
0003808
Feeding difficulties
Feeding problems
Poor feeding

[ more ]

0011968
Intrauterine growth retardation
Prenatal growth deficiency
Prenatal growth retardation

[ more ]

0001511
Low-set ears
Low set ears
Lowset ears

[ more ]

0000369
Microretrognathia
Small retruded chin
0000308
Narrow forehead
Decreased width of the forehead
0000341
Profound global developmental delay
0012736
Prominent occiput
Prominent back of the skull
Prominent posterior skull

[ more ]

0000269
Seizure
0001250
Severe global developmental delay
0011344
Sloping forehead
Inclined forehead
Receding forehead

[ more ]

0000340
Small forehead
Decreased size of forehead
0000350
Wide nasal bridge
Broad nasal bridge
Broad nasal root
Broadened nasal bridge
Increased breadth of bridge of nose
Increased breadth of nasal bridge
Increased width of bridge of nose
Increased width of nasal bridge
Nasal bridge broad
Wide bridge of nose
Widened nasal bridge

[ more ]

0000431
Wide nose
Broad nose
Increased breadth of nose
Increased nasal breadth
Increased nasal width
Increased width of nose

[ more ]

0000445
5%-29% of people have these symptoms
Abnormal retinal morphology
Retina issue
0000479
Adducted thumb
Inward turned thumb
0001181
Agenesis of corpus callosum
0001274
Cerebellar atrophy
Degeneration of cerebellum
0001272
Cerebral calcification
Abnormal deposits of calcium in the brain
0002514
Dolichocephaly
Long, narrow head
Tall and narrow skull

[ more ]

0000268
Dysphagia
Poor swallowing
Swallowing difficulties
Swallowing difficulty

[ more ]

0002015
Hypoplasia of the corpus callosum
Underdevelopment of part of brain called corpus callosum
0002079
Hypoplastic spleen
Underdeveloped spleen
0006270
Patent foramen ovale
0001655
Respiratory distress
Breathing difficulties
Difficulty breathing

[ more ]

0002098
Rocker bottom foot
Rocker bottom feet
Rocker-bottom feet
Rockerbottom feet

[ more ]

0001838
1%-4% of people have these symptoms
Global developmental delay
0001263
Muscular hypotonia
Low or weak muscle tone
0001252
Percent of people who have these symptoms is not available through HPO
Autosomal recessive inheritance
0000007
Cerebellar hypoplasia
Small cerebellum
Underdeveloped cerebellum

[ more ]

0001321
Generalized-onset seizure
0002197
Hypoplasia of the pons
0012110
Lymphedema
Swelling caused by excess lymph fluid under skin
0001004
Microcephaly
Abnormally small skull
Decreased circumference of cranium
Decreased size of skull
Reduced head circumference
Small head circumference

[ more ]

0000252
Prominent nasal bridge
Elevated nasal bridge
High nasal bridge
Prominent bridge of nose
Prominent nasal root
Protruding bridge of nose
Protruding nasal bridge

[ more ]

0000426
Thick cerebral cortex
0006891

Diagnosis

Making a diagnosis for a genetic or rare disease can often be challenging. Healthcare professionals typically look at a person’s medical history, symptoms, physical exam, and laboratory test results in order to make a diagnosis. The following resources provide information relating to diagnosis and testing for this condition. If you have questions about getting a diagnosis, you should contact a healthcare professional.

Testing Resources

  • The Genetic Testing Registry (GTR) provides information about the genetic tests for this condition. The intended audience for the GTR is health care providers and researchers. Patients and consumers with specific questions about a genetic test should contact a health care provider or a genetics professional.

Learn more

These resources provide more information about this condition or associated symptoms. The in-depth resources contain medical and scientific language that may be hard to understand. You may want to review these resources with a medical professional.

Where to Start

  • Genetics Home Reference contains information on Lissencephaly 2. This website is maintained by the National Library of Medicine.
  • The National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD) has a report for patients and families about this condition. NORD is a patient advocacy organization for individuals with rare diseases and the organizations that serve them.

In-Depth Information

  • The Monarch Initiative brings together data about this condition from humans and other species to help physicians and biomedical researchers. Monarch’s tools are designed to make it easier to compare the signs and symptoms (phenotypes) of different diseases and discover common features. This initiative is a collaboration between several academic institutions across the world and is funded by the National Institutes of Health. Visit the website to explore the biology of this condition.
  • Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) is a catalog of human genes and genetic disorders. Each entry has a summary of related medical articles. It is meant for health care professionals and researchers. OMIM is maintained by Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. 
  • Orphanet is a European reference portal for information on rare diseases and orphan drugs. Access to this database is free of charge.
  • PubMed is a searchable database of medical literature and lists journal articles that discuss Lissencephaly 2. Click on the link to view a sample search on this topic.

References

  1. Gleeson JG. Lissencephaly. National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD). 2009; https://www.rarediseases.org/rare-disease-information/rare-diseases/byID/454/viewAbstract. Accessed 1/24/2012.
  2. Lissencephaly syndrome, Norman-Roberts type. Orphanet. March 2008; https://www.orpha.net/consor/cgi-bin/OC_Exp.php?lng=EN&Expert=89844. Accessed 1/24/2012.