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Disease Profile

Spastic paraplegia 18

Prevalence
Prevalence estimates on Rare Medical Network websites are calculated based on data available from numerous sources, including US and European government statistics, the NIH, Orphanet, and published epidemiologic studies. Rare disease population data is recognized to be highly variable, and based on a wide variety of source data and methodologies, so the prevalence data on this site should be assumed to be estimated and cannot be considered to be absolutely correct.

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US Estimated

Europe Estimated

Age of onset

Infancy

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ICD-10

G11.4

Inheritance

Autosomal dominant A pathogenic variant in only one gene copy in each cell is sufficient to cause an autosomal dominant disease.

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Autosomal recessive Pathogenic variants in both copies of each gene of the chromosome are needed to cause an autosomal recessive disease and observe the mutant phenotype.

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X-linked
dominant X-linked dominant inheritance, sometimes referred to as X-linked dominance, is a mode of genetic inheritance by which a dominant gene is carried on the X chromosome.

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X-linked
recessive Pathogenic variants in both copies of a gene on the X chromosome cause an X-linked recessive disorder.

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Mitochondrial or multigenic Mitochondrial genetic disorders can be caused by changes (mutations) in either the mitochondrial DNA or nuclear DNA that lead to dysfunction of the mitochondria and inadequate production of energy.

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Multigenic or multifactor Inheritance involving many factors, of which at least one is genetic but none is of overwhelming importance, as in the causation of a disease by multiple genetic and environmental factors.

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Not applicable

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Other names (AKA)

SPG18; Intellectual disability, motor dysfunction, and joint contractures; IDMDC

Categories

Congenital and Genetic Diseases; Nervous System Diseases

Summary

The following summary is from Orphanet, a European reference portal for information on rare diseases and orphan drugs.
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Orpha Number: 209951

Definition
Autosomal recessive spastic paraplegia type 18 (SPG18) is a rare, complex type of hereditary spastic paraplegia characterized by progressive spastic paraplegia (presenting in early childhood) associated with delayed motor development, severe intellectual disability and joint contractures. A thin corpus callosum is equally noted on brain magnetic resonance imaging. SPG18 is caused by a mutation in the ERLIN2 gene (8p11.2) encoding the protein, Erlin-2.

Visit the Orphanet disease page for more resources.

Symptoms

This table lists symptoms that people with this disease may have. For most diseases, symptoms will vary from person to person. People with the same disease may not have all the symptoms listed. This information comes from a database called the Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) . The HPO collects information on symptoms that have been described in medical resources. The HPO is updated regularly. Use the HPO ID to access more in-depth information about a symptom.

Medical Terms Other Names
Learn More:
HPO ID
80%-99% of people have these symptoms
Ankle flexion contracture
0006466
Bilateral wrist flexion contracture
0012453
Distal muscle weakness
Weakness of outermost muscles
0002460
Elbow flexion contracture
Contractures of elbows
Elbow contracture
Elbow contractures

[ more ]

0002987
Global developmental delay
0001263
Hyperreflexia in upper limbs
0007350
Inability to walk
0002540
Intellectual disability
Mental deficiency
Mental retardation
Mental retardation, nonspecific
Mental-retardation

[ more ]

0001249
Knee flexion contracture
0006380
30%-79% of people have these symptoms
Absent speech
Absent speech development
Lack of language development
Lack of speech
No speech development
No speech or language development
Nonverbal

[ more ]

0001344
Babinski sign
0003487
Hypoplasia of the corpus callosum
Underdevelopment of part of brain called corpus callosum
0002079
Macroglossia
Abnormally large tongue
Increased size of tongue
Large tongue

[ more ]

0000158
Spasticity
Involuntary muscle stiffness, contraction, or spasm
0001257
Wide mouth
Broad mouth
Large mouth

[ more ]

0000154
5%-29% of people have these symptoms
Abnormal lumbar spine morphology
0100712
Abnormality of the pinna
Abnormally shaped ears
Auricular malformation
Deformed ears
Malformed ears

[ more ]

0000377
Ankle clonus
Abnormal rhythmic movements of ankle
0011448
Dysphagia
Poor swallowing
Swallowing difficulties
Swallowing difficulty

[ more ]

0002015
Flexion contracture of toe
0005830
Hand tremor
Tremor of hand
Tremor of hands
tremors in hands

[ more ]

0002378
High palate
Elevated palate
Increased palatal height

[ more ]

0000218
Hip contracture
0003273
Horizontal nystagmus
0000666
Impaired vibration sensation in the lower limbs
Decreased lower limb vibratory sense
Decreased vibratory sense in lower limbs
Decreased vibratory sense in the lower extremities
Decreased vibratory sense in the lower limbs
Diminished vibratory sensation in the legs

[ more ]

0002166
Restricted neck movement due to contractures
Restricted neck mobility due to contractures
0005997
Rotary nystagmus
0001583
Seizure
0001250
Short philtrum
0000322
Spinal rigidity
Reduced spine movement
0003306
Synophrys
Monobrow
Unibrow

[ more ]

0000664
Thick eyebrow
Bushy eyebrows
Dense eyebrow
Heavy eyebrows
Prominent eyebrows
Thick eyebrows

[ more ]

0000574
Percent of people who have these symptoms is not available through HPO
Autosomal recessive inheritance
0000007
Delayed ability to walk
0031936
Gait disturbance
Abnormal gait
Abnormal walk
Impaired gait

[ more ]

0001288
Hyperreflexia
Increased reflexes
0001347
Kyphosis
Hunched back
Round back

[ more ]

0002808
Lower limb muscle weakness
Lower extremity weakness
Lower limb weakness
Muscle weakness in lower limbs

[ more ]

0007340
Pes cavus
High-arched foot
0001761
Progressive
Worsens with time
0003676
Scoliosis
0002650
Skeletal muscle atrophy
Muscle degeneration
Muscle wasting

[ more ]

0003202
Slow progression
Signs and symptoms worsen slowly with time
0003677
Spastic paraplegia
0001258
Strabismus
Cross-eyed
Squint
Squint eyes

[ more ]

0000486
Upper limb spasticity
Uncontrollable movement in upper arms
0006986

Diagnosis

Making a diagnosis for a genetic or rare disease can often be challenging. Healthcare professionals typically look at a person’s medical history, symptoms, physical exam, and laboratory test results in order to make a diagnosis. The following resources provide information relating to diagnosis and testing for this condition. If you have questions about getting a diagnosis, you should contact a healthcare professional.

Testing Resources

  • The Genetic Testing Registry (GTR) provides information about the genetic tests for this condition. The intended audience for the GTR is health care providers and researchers. Patients and consumers with specific questions about a genetic test should contact a health care provider or a genetics professional.
  • Orphanet lists international laboratories offering diagnostic testing for this condition.

    Organizations

    Support and advocacy groups can help you connect with other patients and families, and they can provide valuable services. Many develop patient-centered information and are the driving force behind research for better treatments and possible cures. They can direct you to research, resources, and services. Many organizations also have experts who serve as medical advisors or provide lists of doctors/clinics. Visit the group’s website or contact them to learn about the services they offer. Inclusion on this list is not an endorsement by GARD.

    Organizations Supporting this Disease

      Social Networking Websites

      • RareConnect is an online social network for patients and families to connect with one another and share their experience living with a rare disease. The project is a joint collaboration between EURORDIS (European Rare Disease Organisation) and NORD (National Organization for Rare Disorders). Click on the link above to view the community for Hereditary spastic paraplegia.

        Learn more

        These resources provide more information about this condition or associated symptoms. The in-depth resources contain medical and scientific language that may be hard to understand. You may want to review these resources with a medical professional.

        In-Depth Information

        • The Monarch Initiative brings together data about this condition from humans and other species to help physicians and biomedical researchers. Monarch’s tools are designed to make it easier to compare the signs and symptoms (phenotypes) of different diseases and discover common features. This initiative is a collaboration between several academic institutions across the world and is funded by the National Institutes of Health. Visit the website to explore the biology of this condition.
        • Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) is a catalog of human genes and genetic disorders. Each entry has a summary of related medical articles. It is meant for health care professionals and researchers. OMIM is maintained by Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. 
        • Orphanet is a European reference portal for information on rare diseases and orphan drugs. Access to this database is free of charge.
        • PubMed is a searchable database of medical literature and lists journal articles that discuss Spastic paraplegia 18. Click on the link to view a sample search on this topic.